Accounting Controversies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bookkeeping Controversies - Essay Example Double dealing was the situation for Enron. They disguised their dubious and dubious dealings and exchange with their developing obligation so they show up obligation free and praiseworthy to investors and the general population. Finally, every falsehood and conceal was made known to numerous when the organization abruptly and startlingly petitioned for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. That was their final retreat. Not organization associations and affiliations could set aside the cash and the brilliance of Enron. At the point when the updates on chapter 11 of Enron was uncovered, the purposes for Enron’s ruin stayed muddled and unsure. There were blended responses among specialists, government officials, investors and others. The greater part of them were rankled while some felt concerned. There were the individuals who were not shock that the errors with the fiscal summaries could really occur. Maybe it was the normal propensity among the individuals who wish to diminish their obligation. Questions, for example, the explanation for the destruction just as the potential available resources for forestalling insolvency rose among the intrigued open. What ruined the organization or the legislature from anticipating the finish of Enron? Was there illegal tax avoidance or extortion behind the outrage? On the off chance that there was, has the laws actualized by the administration adequate to confirm the money related records of Enron? To reveal insight into the Enron debate, an informant, Sherron Watkins, chose to admit all the money related privileged insights of the organization. The administration played its job by starting an examination controlled up by a portion of the congressional boards. Beside Watkins, other key players conceded their inclusion and chose to affirm while some despite everything argues not liable. The inclusion of a bookkeeping firm as trustworthy as Arthur Andersen with the contention, increased the enthusiasm of people in general just as lawmakers, financial specialists and government officials. The firm additionally encountered an extraordinary misfortune despite the fact that the decision has not yet been reported. Their customers withdrew their dedication and moved to other serious firms. A few workers surrendered and looked for different employments from different organizations. The bookkeeping firm worked superbly on the adulteration and control of Enron's fiscal summaries that the errors stayed unnoticed to people in general and to the legislature. The ramifications of the outrage in the political field was normal since it had close binds with the White House because of the way that the once renowned organization burned through a large number of dollars to help Bush's presidential battle last 2002 races. Beside that, Enron's CEO had individual and well disposed associations with Bush. The last separated from Kenneth Lay to forestall any open misinterpretations. The examinations of the embarrassment additionally uncovered that the organization mentioned the nearness of two US bureau individuals going before their petition for financial protection. Indeed, even the current VP Dick Cheney didn't get away from the political relationship between the administration and Enron. The bad habit inhabitant had a few gatherings with the administrators of the organization in lieu of their vitality organization plans. The monetary ramifications of the Enron case incorporated the bookkeeping business' audit of their money related strategies with the dread of having a similar destiny as Enron. Different organizations who likewise utilized indistinguishable forceful bookkeeping strategies from Enron have been influenced. They guided away from the spotlight and have appeared to have hide out for the interim while the issues are as yet steaming. Enron was by all account not the only one adversely influenced by the outrage for a similar destiny went to Arthur Andersen. He was seen as blameworthy of annihilation of money related records which

Social Sanctions Impacts on Individual Behavior

Subjective Statement of the Problem For this situation study, we might want to appreciate and outline the degree at which social approvals impacts singular conduct in an association among representatives. The goal at this phase in the examination is to regularly characterize and set up the connection between conduct control and creation (Kuhn, 1996).Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Social Sanctions’ Impacts on Individual Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is an unpredictable report as it includes human conduct and can be completed by both subjective and quantitative research techniques.. In the wake of recognizing the issue, the analyst distinguishes an example populace. The sort of inspecting utilized will be comfort examining in light of the fact that it is absurd to expect to attempt an all out irregular overview. The specialist will in this way meet a couple of accessible respondents including companions, family memb ers working in different associations just as partners. Meeting will be used as an information assortment strategy. The subjective meetings are furnished with unlimited inquiries, whose reactions must catch the structure of a story by the respondent in regards as far as anyone is concerned. The examination will normally be a lot lesser in limit in light of the total amount of data, which must be assessed by the campaigner. This gives specialists and at last perusers an also comprehensive picture of the perspective of the subjects of the examination. The pollster dispatching subjective investigation should set up a direct sketch of topics that he/she wants to cover in the meeting. These topics are utilized as rules especially when the respondent seems, by all accounts, to be turning from the subject or a succinct arrangement of questions that must be asked continuously by the meeting. The examination control strategy allows the questioner and respondent to calculate a connection insi de the meeting and can empower the movement to include the experience of a discourse instead of a prearranged scholarly procedure. The examiner should choose how to archive the meeting (Leedy Ormrod, 2010). There are three alternatives accessible. One being copying, another being taking point by point notes lastly the specialist can choose to join the two. Note taking is progressively fitting in light of the fact that the specialist focuses on the investigation more. Copying disappoints numerous respondents, which may in some cases make them to maintain significant information.Advertising Looking for coursework on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conversely, it is inconceivable for a questioner to record each word on a note pad since it can't clarify rest in the meeting. This is the motivation behind why both are all the more every now and again applied. This is considerably more conversation of t he structure of the investigation than is required in the difficult proclamation. The difficult proclamation ought to incorporate a conversation of a general issue, at that point a particular issue that will be concentrated among a recognized gathering of members. Quantitative Statement of the Problem Sexual provocation is one of the lawful offenses that have as of late flourished in the general public fundamentally as a result of the possibility of male p man controlled society. Ladies have stood apart firm to challenge the situation in the general public by thinking of different ladylike associations with a sole motivation behind killing this unfairness. The issue of male mastery has in the ongoing years reached out to work places where the managers power their lesser female representatives to expand sexual favors as an end-result of helpful increases, for example, advancements and different prizes. The female bodies have stood firm against this danger and have gone a step higher to define arrangements that will make it hard for this unit of debased people who stretch out their exploitative practices to work places. This quantitative investigation will consequently endeavor to look at the degree that the bad habit has stretched out to with respect to open and private areas. It will be founded on a couple of organizations that will have the option to give us a rule on the degree of the bad habit in the two divisions all in all. The examination will take a type of a review whereby the populace to be contemplated will be distinguished and chosen basing on different office circumstances. Partners working with a few IT related organizations concocted some practical ends. They concurred that there is have to concentrate on reasonable and plausible answers for the unscrupulous utilization of innovation in the departments.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Social Sanctions’ Impacts on Individual Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The partners have committed impressive regard for this point, basically on the issues of less utilization of informal communities during working hours, containing costs, expanding representative profitability, activating new assets, apportioning existing assets all the more proficiently and expanding the job of the IT divisions. Experience modern has indicated that, as a rule, pretty much every methodology to reign in the absence of IT morals, works some place under some situation. Then again, explicit controlling plans that are thriving in one work environment are not really effective in another. Since every foundation has various necessities, standard set arrangements can't be forced. The gathering that will profit by the discoveries of the investigation will be for the most part associations. Arrangement creators will use the discoveries in thinking of guidelines targeting accomplishing successful powers over interpersonal organization use during legitimate w orking hours in work places. The veracity and strategy of the insights and assortment utilized was overview on surveys. The assessment was not to be utilized as a prognostic monetary investigation of the brunt of its unscrupulous utilization. It focuses in on the position of businesses and profits an impression of the issues that could influence dynamic unified to worker and manager benefits. Accordingly, our review decisions are not on a standard with comparative studies and investigation did by others. Every last one of those investigations utilized financial generations, not conclusion overviews, and established on the effect of untrustworthy usage of informal organizations on people, not manager position. The strategy profits by the upsides of the different research plans. Criticism rundown In end within reach is the need to highlight that essentially, there is no blue print for authority over individual exploitative conduct that may impel its utilization to get to express mater ial. As another option, the methodology anticipated to offshoot representatives is to utilize the approach destinations to acquaint the course for exploitative IT conduct change, appreciate the close by structure as far as reason and arrangements to set the starter position from which any alteration must leave on and perceive the money related and some other beneficial logical perspectives to determine sensible limits on the degree to which the acknowledgment of procedure goals can be relentless and the variety of strategy changes that can be all around thought-out.Advertising Searching for coursework on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Subsequently, while the development is essentially grounded in an across the board set of standards and target, it is additionally open minded towards examination and recommendations that are IT-explicit and commonsense. References Kuhn, T. (1996). The structure of logical unrests. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Leedy, P.D. Ormrod, J.E. (2010). Down to earth inquire about: Planning and structure. 9 Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Neuman, W.L. (2005). Social research techniques: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. 6 Ed. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Willis, J.W. (2007). Establishments of subjective research: Interpretive and basic methodologies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. This coursework on Social Sanctions’ Impacts on Individual Behavior was composed and presented by client Haven F. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Define mind and body dualism essays

Characterize psyche and body dualism articles Characterize mind/body dualism, as opposed to realism. Clarify Descartes proof that the brain is a substance particular from the body. What is the blunder that Descartes hypothesis makes, as per Ryle? At long last, survey Ryles behaviorism: do you think it is a good perspective on our psychological states? Psyche and body dualism is characterized by mental things and physical things are essentially unmistakable sorts of elements. It expresses that individuals have just mental properties (psyche), and life forms have just physical properties (body). They are two unique things. On the off chance that mind/body dualism is genuine then the individual you find in the mirror isn't you. You are not that life form. In the event that you are murdered, its not so much you, its only a creature. Realism expresses that everything is physical. In Eliminative Materialism there is nothing of the sort as expectation, love, and want. We utilize these terms, yet it isn't generally obvious. It is only an alternate method for talking. Everything is physical, yet our discourse is communicating it in an unexpected way. A model would be an individual saying that the sun is behind a structure. This isn't accurate. It is only a saying. Reductive Materialism expresses another motivation behind why everything is physical. It expresses that there were numerous cases where individuals began with normal words and afterward utilized logical words. A case of this would be water and H2O. They are indistinguishable, however pass by two distinct names. The equivalent could be said for conviction. Conviction, Materialist state, is simply worldly projection action. As a top priority/body dualism we can just think about others through the conduct of bodies we see. Psyche/body dualism is good with the accompanying: 1) The conduct of bodies is actually for what it's worth, 2) The conduct of bodies is actually for what it's worth, 3) The conduct of bodies is actually for what it's worth, ... <!

The Ebola Disease and the Role of Federal Government - 275 Words

The Ebola Disease and the Role of Federal Government (Essay Sample) Content: Ebola DiseaseNameInstitution AffiliationDate : 18/4/2016à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã†â€™IntroductionThe crisis of Ebola which is a fatal illness especially in human beings has brought the issue of quarantine and self-monitoring. Ebola is among the deadly diseases, and it can take away the life a person if not controlled and prevented early. Due to its fatal and severe nature, its monitoring and prevention have been of necessity whereby methods such as Quarantine and self-monitoring are carried out to prevent further transmission of the disease.On its prevention, isolation may also be taken into concern. The suspected individuals with the conditions have to be separated from the rest thus preventing and limiting further transmission to the unaffected ("Ebola virus disease", 2016).The issue of quarantine involves restricting people from moving if they are suspected to be exposed to places with the Ebola virus while isolation means separating those who have Ebola to those who donà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬t have the virus to prevent further spread of the disease. Self-monitoring involves investigating and doing tests to people to check their health conditions (Derrer, 2014).Due to Ebola crisis, the people who are suspected to be having the disease may be requested to stay at home and be monitored with the aim of preventing further spread of the disease. The people who are affected by quarantine do most of their activities at home. There are restrictions for the affected thus limiting their movements ("Quarantine and Isolation", 2016).Pros and Cons Related to the Emergence Of EbolaOn Health related emergencies, the issue of separating people who are suspected to have the symptoms of the fatal disease of Ebola has brought some advantages and also disadvantagesPros of EbolaIf those individuals who are quarantined or isolated from the rest have the Ebola disease, then quarantine may help to reduce further spread of the disease. The reduced transmission level is due to fluids of the affected shall rarely be into contact to those who are not affected. It is due to the activity of quarantine (Haas, 2014).The cons due to Ebola emergenceThe individual may lose his or her wages during the quarantine period. It may be a bigloss to the family because the source of the household income may no longer be there again for a period.During the monitoring cost, a medical cost will be incurred. Due to the tests that will be carried out by the specialists, it will be costly during the follow-up period when checking the condition of the person (Haas, 2014).Due to the government enforcing the laws on quarantine, an extra cost by the government must be incurred because it will also involve the local authorities (Haas, 2014).The Role of the Federal and State Governments due to Ebola CrisisThe federal and state governments have the power to separate those people suspected to have the disease and isolate them because as mentioned in the constitution. The overall responsibility is delegated to the Center for Disease and Control to help in controlling the spread of Ebola ("Legal Authorities for Isolation and Quarantine", 2014).The federal government has the power to assist in preventing the spread of disease between states as it may also accept the assistance of local governments in the issue of quarantine. Quarantine methods result to negative influences. Due to this perception, it becomes hard always to implement the plan. State and federal governments maintain the health of the public by controlling the spread of Ebola within the borders ("Legal Authorities for Isolation and Quarantine," 2014).The federal state and the authorities responsible for managing the disease may seek assistance from police officers to enforce the order of quarantine. Ones the federal government has made an order regarding quarantine, its violation can be termed as a crime, and it is punishable. The federal state law may allow the person who was under quarantine to be released aft er monitoring has been done by the medical specialist to ensure the person is not suffering from the disease or preventive measures are carried out ("Legal A...

Swot Analysis Organizational Growth And Development

Organizational growth and development is contingent on the ability of the organization to adapt to its environment. The organization’s adaptation is formed around its internal (controllable) and external (non-controllable) variables. These variables are a part of the open systems theory that influence how and when the system grows. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is a useful tool used to assess the affect these variables have on the organizational development. According to Virtualstrategist (2008), strengths and weaknesses are internal variables that are controlled by the organization and is considered primary points of data while opportunities and threats are considered secondary sources of data and are non-controllable. . Virtualstrategist (2008), further emphasized the following three points of consideration when choosing to apply the SWOT analysis: 1) create a list of ideas that prioritized to develop goals and goal statements for future plans; 2) pair strengths to weakness for the purpose of offsetting the weak areas by further encouraging the stronger areas, then find opportunities to offset the threats; and 3) implement the plan strategically based on the organizational function, purpose, and goals. Berry (2016) stated that, â€Å"the point of a SWOT analysis is to help you develop a strong business strategy by making sure you’ve considered all of your business’s strengths and weaknesses, as well as the opportunities and threats itShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Organizational Growth And Development1989 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational growth and development is contingent on the ability of the organization to adapt to its environment. 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Keywords: organizational developmentRead MoreOrganizational Development : A System Wide Application And Transfer Of Behavioral Science922 Words   |  4 Pages Organizational development or OD has several definitions that often times, individuals have their own opinions or ideas on what it actually means. Despite the many definitions that OD has, the overall idea of what it is supposed to do within an organization remains the same. Cumming and Worley (2015) define organizational development as â€Å"a system-wide application and transfer of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development, improvement and reinforcement of the strategies, structures,Read MoreOrganizational Development Is A Good Reputation For Its Product Performance965 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Development is a system that is developed from wide range of scientific actions that is used by organizations to solve any issues in order to become successful. Additionally, Organizational Development is u sed as a to address and analyze the organizations strength, weaknesses, opportunities or threats. Once the company has identified its issues, Organizational Development is used as a business strategy to achieve such goals, which includes product quality, sales growth and customerRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1455 Words   |  6 PagesScorecard, SWOT Analysis etc) provide a complete assessment of the company you are currently working for. If you were CEO what would you change and why - provide your recommendation with a Before and After Organizational chart. - If you are not working at this time - use a past employer. Ans 1. Table of Content * Introduction * Discussion * Complete assessment of the company I work for – M. Muhammad Shafi amp; Co. * What would I change as the CEO and why * Organizational ChartsRead MoreSwot Analysis : Organizational Strategic Management1744 Words   |  7 Pages SWOT Analysis: Organizational Strategic Management Calvin McLemore St. Thomas University, Miami, FL May 27, 2017 Introduction For this is a SWOT Analysis, this author chose to explore the international retailer IKEA. This organization was chosen because of the emphasis on globalization, international interests and overall functionality of the products. Crandall, Parnell, and Spillan (2013) states that a SWOT Analysis is â€Å"based on a systematic, comprehensive analysis of internalRead MoreThe Organizational Change And Development Of A Travel And Tourism Organization933 Words   |  4 PagesName: BALKISU TEJAN, ID: 37007 ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAVEL AND TOURISM ORGANIZATION: CASE STUDY OF BRITISH AIRWAYS It is essential that an organization undergoes growth and development, Organizational change and innovation. Many investigators have formulated theories related to change management once they begin to understand the importance of organizational change and innovation. This theories have critically been analyzedRead MoreCsx Swot Essay678 Words   |  3 Pagesprofits/losses, mission, vision and core values. 2) Situational Analysis: (60 points) A situational analysis is a business term that means evaluation of trends and situation of a particular industry or market. 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Ford figured it was not worth the estimated $200K per death, $67K per injury and $700 a vehicle to do something because the designRead MoreA Summary On Strategic Planning1393 Words   |  6 Pagessecond section of the summary paper discusses issues facing managers during organizational change. The third portion of the paper discusses the importance of a SWOT analysis and the impact on the performance of an organization. Finally, the mission statement and the vision statement’s importance will be explained. Strategy and Planning According to Schroeder (2014), strategic planning is a critical first step in the development of a results-based accountability structure. Also, defined as a process

A Memoir Of The Senses By Isabel Allende - 1127 Words

If you like cooking, food, sex and humor then you will most definitely enjoy The Epicure’s Lament by Kate Christianson and Aphrodite: A Memoir of the Senses by Isabel Allende. I enjoyed both books for the most part. More so Epicure’s Lament than Aphrodite: A Memoir of the Senses. Here’s my breakdown of both books and how they differ and how they are similar. To start off both authors are women. Although after reading both novels, both authors don’t seem very similar to me. Christianson comes off to me as more edgy and loose. And although her books extremely sexual, I think Allende’s is older, maybe middle age. The reason I think that is when I read this book I picture her as an older cougar who knows just what she wants. I like Christianson better. She reminds me of myself and I think she would be a lot of fun to hang out with. To be fair though I’ve only read just these two books by the authors. I do plan to read more of Christianson’ s work though. I absolutely love Greek mythology. I actually took a Greek mythology class at Tidewater Community College. So when I found out we had to read Aphrodite, I was extremely excited. Aphrodite is supposed to be the goddess of love, desire and beauty. But this book is not about Greek mythology. Although it does remind me Aphrodite with all the sexual stories and pictures. If there was a Greek goddess that had to do with food and sex that would of been perfect for this book. Allende’s book is supposed to be a memoir but it’s more ofShow MoreRelated Silence as Power in The House of the Spirits and Madame Bovary1440 Words   |  6 Pagesof an argument and do not have the ability to restrain themselves from bursting. Similarly, In The House of the Spirits and Madame Bovary, Isabel Allende and Gustave Flaubert emphasize the symbol of silence in order to emphasize the lack of power from which Esteban and Charles suffer within their families, within society, and within their marriages. Allende distances Esteban from his family by wedging silence between them as a barrier. As Esteban’s marriage to Clara declines, Esteban notes, â€Å"SheRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe era as a whole—the advance and retreat of the process of globalization. 8 †¢ INTRODUCTION Exploring the forces that explain this dynamic not only helps to explain some of the apparent paradoxes that bedevil those who aspire to make sense of the history of planet Earth over a span of more than a hundred years but also provides the basis for maintaining a semblance of continuity despite the genuinely cataclysmic break points that obscure the century’s fundamental unity. CH APTER

How Government Intervention Affects People and the Economy free essay sample

Deal When Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated president, he promised a New Deal for the American people who had been suffering under the Great Depression. It is common sense, Roosevelt said, to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another, but above all, try something. The relief, recovery, and reform programs of the New Deal were Roosevelt’s attempt to try something. Some of the programs were unsuccessful, but others are still in place today. Examining the New Deal programs can help one understand how government intervention affects people and the economy. Franklin Delano Roosevelt has tons of ideas that he thought would benefit everyone and possibly take us out of the depression. Not everyone agreed with his ideas and supported him but his ideas did help extremely. Roosevelt made the federal deposit insurance corporation and civil works administration for the first new deal and then the social security act and the Fair labor standards act in the second new deal that was later to come. We will write a custom essay sample on How Government Intervention Affects People and the Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although there were many more acts and things that he did to get American back to normal, these four I believe made a huge change and are still used today in our everyday life. The federal deposit insurance corporation was basically insurance for banks up to 100,000 dollars! During the depression banks were starting to close down because they were loaning money out before the depression that they did really have, so when everything went wrong and everyone decided to get their money out of the bank the banks didn’t have all the money that the people believed was rightfully theirs! Roosevelt made sure that wouldn’t happen again by giving the banks insurance. Another part of the new deal was the civil works administration, which employed thousands of public workers. Now that the depression was happening tons of people didn’t have jobs, no one had money and no one knew what to do next. Roosevelt decided to give these people jobs not only to benefit those people it can also benefit the community! That was only part one of the new deal. The social security act was thought about and passed and is still used today! Basically gave funds to disabled workers, elderly, widows and children. Which helped out a lot for the people that just didn’t have it. Last but not lease there was and the Fair labor standards act. Which set minimum wage at 40 cents an hour and a minimum amount of work hours, which was 40 hours a week, also banned child labor. All of these deals helped American a ton and still do today. Everything started to get on track after a little. Without Roosevelt’s ideas America would be a total different place today! He made changes that we needed and still do.

Observing Stars Essays - Electromagnetic Radiation,

Observing Stars Observing Stars Our view of the sky at night is possible because of the emission and reflection of light. 'Light' is the better-known term for the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes waves in the visible, ultra-violet, infra-red, microwave, radio, X-ray and gamma-ray regions. The scale of the spectrum is so large that no region is distinct, several overlap each other. Each of these regions in the electromagnetic spectrum represent transverse waves, travelling as electrical and magnetic fields which interact perpendicularly to each other, with different ranges of wavelength. The magnetic field oscillates vertically and the electric field horizontally, and each field induces the other. By the end of the nineteenth century, Maxwell gave a realistic value for c, the speed of light: c = __1__ = 3 x 108 ms-1 ?(mo eo) The relationship between the speed of all electromagnetic radiation, wavelength (l) and frequency (f) is shown to be c = l f. Because the Universe is so vast, interstellar distances are so great that light emitted can take upwards of millions of years to reach us. Such large distances are often measured in ?light-years'; one light-year (ly) is the distance travelled by a wave of light in a year. Because of the massive speed of light and distances, the light arriving at us would have left the object many years ago, so that looking at a far away star is much like looking back in time. Scientific observation of the stars is difficult because of the distorting effect of the Earth's atmosphere. One problem is atmospheric refraction-where light is bent. Turbulent air currents cause varying refractive indices, as there is no uniform air density. This causes an effect called scintillation, where stars appear to twinkle. The effect on regions of the electromagnetic spectrum other than the visible part, such as the absorption of certain frequencies by atmospheric chemicals, and the reflection of waves by charged molecules in the ionosphere, means that some spectral data is simply invisible to us on Earth. The Earth receives electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths from all directions in space, but most of the electromagnetic spectrum is blocked out by the atmosphere well above the Earth's surface, where our eyes and instruments are mostly based. However, wavelengths from only two regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are able to penetrate the atmosphere. These two spectral windows in the atmosphere through which we can observe the Universe are called the optical window-which allows the visible wavelength region through; and the radio window-which includes the wavelength region from about 1 mm to 30 m. The telescopes used by astronomers on the ground are therefore classed as optical and radio telescopes. Optical telescopes work by either reflecting or refracting light, using lenses or curved mirrors to focus the light from a subject to form an image. Radio telescopes consist of a parabolic reflector and receiver on which the waves are focused. The gathering and resolving power de pend on the diameter of the antenna. Radio observations are unaffected by the weather or time of day, and because of the larger wavelength of radio waves, dust in space and atmospheric convection currents are not a problem. Radio astronomy is used in the chemical analysis of elements (by emission and absorption spectra); to detect the motion of bodies due to the Doppler effect; and in investigation into the early Universe and the Big Bang. We can analyse radio waves from the centres of galaxies, including our own. Despite the radio window, there are still wavelengths that do not penetrate the atmosphere. Some radio waves are reflected from the ionosphere, part of the thermosphere, where streams of charged particles from the sun ionise gas molecules: this is photo-ionisation. Ultra-violet radiation, X-rays and gamma-rays are also absorbed at this layer. Absorption of the electromagnetic spectrum at various altitudes above Earth occurs to varying degrees. Much infra-red radiation does not reach ground level because of absorption in the upper atmosphere by water, and some carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules that lie between the ground and about 15 km of altitude (the troposphere). Ozone (tri-oxygen) and di-oxygen in the stratosphere absorbs much of the ultra-violet radiation (hence the ?ozone layer' at about 30km). A side effect of the ozone layer is that molecules re-radiate

The Early History of Flight

The Early History of Flight   Around 400 BC - Flight in China The Chinese’s discovery of a kite that could fly in the air started humans thinking about flying. Kites were used by the Chinese in religious ceremonies. They built many colorful kites for fun, also. More sophisticated kites were used to test weather conditions. Kites have been important to the invention of flight as they were the forerunner to balloons and gliders. Humans Try to Fly like Birds For many centuries, humans have tried to fly just like the birds and have studied the flight of winged creatures. Wings made of feathers or light weight wood have been attached to arms to test their ability to fly. The results were often disastrous as the muscles of the human arms are not like a birds and cannot move with the strength of a bird. Hero and the Aeolipile The ancient Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria, worked with air pressure and steam to create sources of power. One experiment that he developed was the aeolipile, which used jets of steam to create rotary motion. To do this, Hero mounted a sphere on top of a water kettle. A fire below the kettle turned the water into steam, and the gas traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere allowed the gas to escape, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. The importance of the aeolipile is that it marks the start of engine created movement will later prove essential in the history of flight. 1485 Leonardo da Vinci’s Ornithopter and the Study of Flight. Leonardo da Vinci  made the first real studies of flight in the 1480s. He had over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on bird and mechanical flight. The drawings illustrated the wings and tails of birds, ideas for man carrying machines and devices for the testing of wings. His Ornithopter flying machine was never actually created. It was a design that Leonardo da Vinci created to show how man could fly. The modern day helicopter is based on this concept. Leonardo da Vincis notebooks on flight were re-examined in the 19th century by aviation pioneers. 1783 - Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier and The Flight of the First Hot Air Balloon Two brothers,  Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier, were inventors of the first hot air balloon. They used the smoke from a fire to blow hot air into a silk bag. The silk bag was attached to a basket. The hot air then rose and allowed the balloon to be lighter than air. In 1783, the first passengers in the colorful balloon were a sheep, rooster and duck. It climbed to a height of about 6,000 feet and traveled more than one mile. After this initial success, the brothers began to send men up in hot air balloons. The first manned hot air balloon flight was carried out on November 21, 1783 and the passengers were Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois Laurent. 1799-1850s - George Cayley’s Gliders Sir George Cayley is considered the father of aerodynamics. Cayley experimented with wing design, distinguished between lift and drag and formulated the concepts of vertical tail surfaces, steering rudders, rear elevators and air screws. He also designed many different versions of gliders that used the movements of the body for control. A young boy, whose name is not known, was the first to fly one of Cayleys gliders. It was the first glider capable of carrying a human. For over 50 years, George Cayley made improvements to his gliders. Cayley changed the shape of the wings so that the air would flow over the wings correctly. He also designed a tail for the gliders to help with the stability. He then tried a biplane design to add strength to the glider. Additionally, Cayley recognized that there would be a need for machine power if the flight was to be in the air for a long time.

Skill Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Skill Development - Essay Example The essay "Skill Development" talks about the managerial skills development through the analysis of a number of articles and books on a related subject. The process of employee motivation is very significant to any firm. Therefore, in order to get the desired outcomes, it is important to motivate employees for the work they do. This will make them more committed to their work and eventually will lead to high production and good performance. Employee motivation is essential because it ensures that human resource is active in order to accomplish organization goals and objectives. It also leads to the establishment of the friendly relationship among workers. Cooperation in any organization leads to stability and reduces organizational unrest and disputes. Employee development is also an important part that needs to be improved because I discovered that employees display job performance behaviors in part to improve their self-image, especially when their role is not clearly defined in the organization. The effect of these behaviors on managerial reward recommendation decisions should be powerful when managers believe the employees to be more committed to their work. I found out that poor performance could not be attributed to human nature but to an imperfect work system. Managers should realize that employees want self-control, self-direction, seeks and accepts responsibility, thus there was the need to have a strong employee development skill as this would establish a culture of accountability in the organization.

Aerobic Zumba paper for a sports student and linked to a lesson plan Term

Aerobic Zumba for a sports student and linked to a lesson plan - Term Paper Example The microcycle exercises taught here are very beneficial to the general health. Physical exercise can be defined as any kind of bodily activity that is performed to maintain the individual’s physical fitness, the general health and wellness of the person. Exercises are carried out for a variety of reasons for instance weight loss, strengthening of the muscles and cardiovascular system, maintenance and even for the purpose of entertainment and enjoyment. Frequent physical exercise is a booster to the immune system and assists in the prevention of diseases like those related to the heart, cardiovascular system, obesity and certain types of cancer (Woods, 2011, p. 41). Exercise is known to improve the state of mental health and promote and enhance the confidence and self esteem of those who get involved in it. These benefits are discussed in this term paper very exhaustively. The effects of these exercises on the basic skills of the learners and any other person who gets involved in them are also reviewed. This is discussed with the view of enhancing the strength, speed, endurance and coordination of those involved. Exercise indeed makes people feel better, to build in more energy and even live longer live longer lives. The health benefits of carrying out regular exercise and constant physical activity are not easy to ignore. They are beneficial to every individual regardless of age, physical ability and sex. Healthcare providers have often described exercises as a miracle or wonder drug whose capability is very tremendous in preventing diseases where expensive drugs could be used (Kennedy & Yoke, 2009, pp. 294-295). Indeed, exercise is a drug at the disposal of every individual. One chooses to take it or leave it at the expense of social and health well being. The Beneficial Effects of microcycle Exercises One of the beneficial effects of the exercises is that it helps to reduce the size of the waistline. This is very helpful as it tones and strengthens th e entire mid section and also boosts the hips. For the learners to achieve this fundamental benefit, they should perform the exercise of standing with legs hip-width apart and positioning the hands in front of the chest for balance (Alidina, 2012). The right foot then should be stepped on the right side followed by the left foot, and then the body twisted. The same step should be repeated on the opposite side. Exercise can significantly assist in the prevention of excess weight gains. In the same vein, exercise assists in maintaining the weight loss. When one engages in exercise or physical activity calories are burned. When the activity is intense more calories are burned. This has fundamental health benefits and can prevent several diseases that arise from conditions such as obesity. One does not have to set aside huge chunks of time and resource in doing the exercise so as to gain from these benefits. If one feels that it is very hectic to carry out these exercises, he should not worry and feel so left out. It is possible to reap these benefits by getting active throughout the day by doing simple things. Simple ways such as taking stairs instead of elevator, spending some time walking and reviving up the household chores can work out miracles and help those who fear to carry out the actual exercise equally achieve the health benefits associated with such exercises (Kraemer & Fleck, 2007, pp. 120-122). Exercise helps is combating diseases and other health conditions. Those who are worried about health diseases now have nothing to worry about if they can take an active role in carrying out the exercises. High blood

Propolis To Be Selected For Winter Promotion Essay Example for Free

Propolis To Be Selected For Winter Promotion Essay Introduction In coming winter, there will be a special promotion event and a brand of propolis capsules will be selected to present. The aim of this report is to describe the basic information of propolis, show the popularity of propolis and evaluate the advantages and reputation of best seller on market. Firstly the method of research is described, followed by the findings. Then conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made. Methodology Research was conducted to find out the information about propolis. Firstly, table of information about basic information of propolis and research results of evaluation of Comvita Propolis Capsules were conducted by Mr. Tim Burch. Then, websites of two exhibition were visited to get information on Popularity of propolis as a health supplement product. Findings (a) Basic information of propolis According to the table of information, propolis is produced by bee and it is used to build the hives in nature. It is 100% natural substance. Regarding the function, propolis has special power in strengthen and accelerate regeneration of cell as to speed up wound healing. It helps to whiten skin and make skin fine. Besides, boosting immune system is another unique effect of propolis. It contains some anti-allergies like asthma and nasal allergy. Therefore, it helps fight inflammation caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi and lower the chance for other complication occur. (b) Popularity of propolis as a health supplement product Propolis has a board usage as a health supplement product. From the website of MedinePlus(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/390.html) shows the following findings. There sufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for Cold sores, Genital herpes and Mouth surgery. Propolis is very popular as it has many medicinal uses today and it presents over the world. From the website of JAFRA(http://www.jafra.gr.jp/eng/propolis1.html)  shows the findings that just in Japan, there are 300 companies are selling propolis health foods and the market is still increasing. Thus, it shows that propolis is very well-received now. (c) Evaluation of Comvita Propolis Capsules Based on research results from Mr. Tim Burch about the best seller on market, Comvita Propolis Capsules. It evaluates this brand of propolis has two major advantages. High purity and flavonoid has found in Comvita Propolis Capsules, it has competitive content of purity and flavonoid than other product. One of the unique features of the product is † additives free†. Comvita Propolis Capsules is a natural product with no artificial colourings lavourings or preservatives. Other than advantages, it has a reputation for honesty and efficiency. There is more than 1000 positive reviews by users on online shopping websites. And Comvita Propolis Capsules becomes the finalist of ‘Product of the Year’ by the Women’s Weekly Health Wellbeing magazine in Australia. It is perceived that Comvita Propolis Capsules is the best seller on market. Nevertheless, the products are not very stable during winter due to the peak consuming season. Pre-order is needed for porduct s supply.

Spousal Testamony against an accused :: essays research papers fc

Dating back to the 16th century, spouses were not deemed to be competent to testify evidence against their spouse. The reasons were a lot simpler than they are today. Anyone with a perceived interest in litigation was deemed to be biased and therefore unfit to testify. Under common law spouses are considered to be one and the same. Since the 16th century the issue of spouse’s and their ability to give evidence against their partners has become more and more complicated. Modern day courts rely more on preserving the sanctity of the marriage than preserving the incompetence standard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ability to block spousal testimony does not however apply to all couples under the law. Those in common law relationships are not considered to be one and the same and these spouses’s are able to give testimony about events that occurred during the relationship. Ultimately, because the issue falls under common law the question of whether a husband or wife to can be compelled to give evidence against there spouse was at the justices discretion. Most justices are more likely to compel spousal testimony in cases of violence and domestic abuse. The majority of these offences are committed on a one on one basis with either no one to witness the abuse, or a child incapable of being called as a witness. The testimony evidence of the spouse is often the only proof that an offence occurred. In R. v. McGinty, Justice McLachlin concluded that competence included compellability and added a new policy dimension to the analysis. She observed: â€Å"policy interests favoured compelling testimony in cases of domestic violence. Competence without compellability would more likely [contribute to] family discord than prevent it.† In the matter of appearance, she noted that: â€Å"fair-minded persons generally find it abhorrent that persons who commit crimes go un-prosecuted. The state’s duty to protect the safety of its citizens, underlies the testimonial competence in cases of violence against a spouse, also dictates that the spouse be complellable.† Fundamentally the main factors facing a Justice in their decision is the matter of public safety and the harmony of the marriage. Compelling a spouse to testify against their partner is in direct conflict with that ideology. Therefore divorced or legally separated couples do not fall under this category. In R. v. Bailey it was determined that spousal incompetence does not survive divorce. Justice Morden observed that: â€Å"The modern policy justification for the rule in question is that is supports marital harmony.

Explaining the Concept of Homeostasis Essay

The actual word homeostasis means â€Å"steady state†. Homeostasis describes how the body regulates its process to keep its internal conditions as stable as possible. Homeostasis is necessary because human cells are efficient but very demanding. The phrase homeostasis is a bit confusing; conditions inside our bodies are not constant but are kept within a narrow range. Some factors such as temperature and blood PH change slightly while others such as blood glucose very considerably throughout a normal day without producing any harmful effects. A brief description of homeostasis is that it is maintenance of a constant internal environment in response to a change in external environment. Negative feed makes sure that as levels return to normal, corrective mechanisms are scaled down, it’s when the body maintains conditions within particular limits, and the body will do this by opposing a change that deviates from the normal, core temperature falls. Core temperature rises, d rop detected by hypothalamus. Brain sends signals to the body that brings out shivering and vasoconstriction. Temperature turns to normal. Normal body temperature: 36.9c Rise detected by hypothalamus. Brain sends signals to body that brings out sweating and vasodilatation. Negative feedback comes when an important variable, sometimes known as a key variable such as the pH of blood and tissue fluid.Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment in response to changes in the external environment. Homeostatic mechanisms are for regulating; body temperature, blood glucose, heart rate and breathing rate. Regulating the internal environment of a human is achieved by negative feedback; this is a constant process. Conditions within the body changes and receptors detect that change; receptors are found in the skin, around vital organs and the hypothalamus. This information of change that is detected by the receptors are then passed to the control centre in the hypothalamus which monitors the changes, when the change in environment fall too far outside the normal range of values the negative feedback response begins. The control cent re signals an effecter to take  action that will return the system back to its ‘normal’ state. An example of homeostasis taking place is when a human goes into a cold environment, conditions change internally; the skin, a receptor will detect the change and cold blood will pass to the control centre, hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then monitors this change and signals the effectors if the internal environment goes below minimum core temperature for cells to work properly; thirty-five Degrees Celsius, anything below can be very dangerous. The effectors will heat the body temperature up, making hairs stand up to trap air to create insulation, sweat secretion is reduce so less cooling of the body and blood vessels constrict which reduces the amount of blood near the surface of the skin so the blood can heat up. All of these effectors enable the human body to go back to its normal state. The opposite example of this is if a human does exercise, every time the muscles, receptor contract, energy is produce which is transformed into heat. Heat from muscles then moves to the blood which circulates throughout the body which makes temperature rise. When you are exercising different changes occur in the body to try and deal with the change in the environment and the reaction that occurs in the body. I will also explain the homeostatic mechanisms when someone exercises. Homeostasis is for the process of the body to maintain a relatively consistent internal state. The nervous system sends and receives signals about temperature, hydration, blood pressure and much more factors. The endocrine system carries chemical messengers to adjust bodily functions. During forms of exercise, the body’s internal environment is altered and placed under a considerable amount of stress. Through homeostatic feedback mechanisms, the body is able to maintain a healthy internal environment and quickly return to normal after exercise ends. These homeostatic mechanisms respond to exercise with changes in the heart rate, respiration, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide clearance, pulse rate, blood pressure and body temperature. During exercise, the body requires more oxygen and smooth removal of care dioxide. To meet this, the respiratory system responds by changes in breathing rate. The cardiovascular system modifies heart rate, blood pressure and capillary beds to maintain body temperature around 37 degrees and blood pressure roughly around 120/80mmhg. The probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise  to the heart rate, your body’s working muscles require additional stores of oxygen to help feed their energy requirements. The body receives oxygen from the lungs and transmits it to your muscles through your bloodstream. The heart controls the flow of blood throughout the body and your heart rate is a factor of that flow. D1. Blood glucose  the glucose in your blood (also known as blood sugar, and another form of carbohydrate in your body) can sometimes be used as an energy source to make ATP. During exercise your body prefers to maintain your blood glucose levels by several different actions rather than use it for energy. Actions such as increased levels of epinephrine, glucagon and cortisol that get released in your body during exercise act to maintain your blood glucose levels through special pathways in the liver and also encourage your muscles to use more glucose (which is good because you can keep working out!). Sometimes though, if you fail to eat correctly before your workout or have low muscle glycogen levels (because you’re not eating right in the several hours after exercise), you may experience drops in your blood glucose levels that make you feel tired, shaky, cold, irritable and unable to exercise any longer. Some of the key factors that dictate if your blood sugars will crash or not include: The timing of your last meal before your workout (when).  The composition of your last meal before your workout (what). How your body responded to food you ate before your workout (how). When and what you ate in the hours following your last workout. If you wait too long after your last meal or snack to exercise, you’re more likely to experience drops in your blood sugar levels because they’re already feeling weak and require food to be maintained. This results in a major drop in exercise performance. If somebody remains in the cold temperatures for a long period of time, the thermostat homeostasis mechanisms may fail and you could develop hypothermia. Hypothermia is when your body temperature drops beyond below the standard temperature needed for your body to function accurately without any inner body catastrophes. When your body temperature reaches a certain point below the norm, usual actions can’t work, including homeostasis. When your body is put in a certain situation for too long your internal environment may begin to shut down, leaving your body vulnerable. Unless immediate action is taken to bring the homeostasis back to normal you will die. The same thing would happen if your body was exposed to extreme heat for any long periods of time. For the metabolic system to continue to occur in the body cells need a constant supply of glucose. Glucose is a carbohydrate, and is the most important simple sugar in human metabolism. Blood sugar levels should be maintained at around 90mg of glucose per 100ml of blood. If blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released into the blood. Insulin is one of many hormones that help the body turn the food we eat into energy. Also, insulin helps us store energy that we can use later. After we eat, insulin works by causing sugar (glucose) to go from the blood into our body’s cells to make fat, sugar, and protein. When we need more energy between meals, insulin will help us use the fat, sugar, and protein that we have stored. Insulin is produced by our own insulin that is made in the pancreas gland or taken by injection.

The Socialization And Dilution Of Marxist Theory Essay

The Socialization and Dilution of Marxist Theory in the Post-WWII Era In Antonio Gramsci’s â€Å"Hegemonic Theory† in The Prison Notebooks, the Neo-Marxist ideology of cultural and social monopolies is the underlying source of bourgeoisie corruption and economic dysfunction. Gramsci‘s view of capitalist fascist ideology had failed to understand the complexity of capitalism as a system that dominated academia, the mass media, and other forms of institutionalization that co-opted Marxist leftists movements in the economic booms of the 1970s and 1980s: An analysis, for instance, of how the conservative regimes of Margaret Thatcher in England and Ronald Reagan in the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s won power would dissect how conservative groups gained dominance through control of the state, and the use of media, new technologies, and cultural institutions such as think tanks and fund-raising and political action groups (Kellner, 2005, p.6). In this theory, Gramsci defined the social and cultural aspects of education, mass media, and other cultural forms of â€Å"think-tank† operations led by elites in the capitalist classes, which negates the underlying power of capital that simply purchased these ideologies and moderated them for the benefit of the bourgeoisie. Gramsci’s Neo-Marxist ideology shows the variability of social and cultural forces, which denies the economic materialism of Marx’s underlying lying theory of ownership, production, and propaganda generated byShow MoreRelatedThe Bankruptcy Of Marxist Ideology : The Dilution And Variability Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesTopic 4: The Bankruptcy of Marxist Ideology: The Dilution and Variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the Post-WWI Era Introduction: This economic study will define the dilution and variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the post-WWII era. The slow dissolution of Marxist theory as as a 19th century economic concept defines the rise of capitalism and the neoliberal ideology that has permeated the latter half of the 20th century. The fall of communism in the late 1980s revealsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmacrostructural conditions shape migratory flows and shift destinations, see Moya, Cousins and Strangers, 80–88. 56. For critiques of national perspectives, see Hasia Diner, â€Å"History and the Study of Immigration: Narratives of the Particular,† in Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines, ed. Caroline Brettell and James Hollifield (New York: Routledge, 2000), 27–42; Donna Gabaccia, â€Å"Is Everywhere Nowhere? Nomads, Nations, and the Immigrant Paradigm of United States History,† Journal of American History

Louis Armstrong Essay - 634 Words

Louis Armstrong Louis Satchmo Armstrong was one of the most popular musicians of his time. Upon initiating my research, I was surprised to find conflicting dates as to when he was born. Encarta Africa said he was born in 1901, 1001 things to know about African American history-1898, regular Encarta --1900, Little Louis and the jazz band by Angela Shelf Medearis says his date of birth is August 4, 1901. The book Jazz Stars by Richard Rennert states that Louis Armstrong was born in 1899, the book Louis Armstrong by Sam Tanenhaus says he was born on July 4, 1900. The reason why they have so many different dates is due to the fact that he probably wasnt born in a hastpital and they did not use to keep good records of black†¦show more content†¦Day night, ragtime musicdanced out of the neighborhood honky-tonks. At night, Little Louis fell asleep to the sad songs of the local blues singers. Those sorrowful songs sounded like they were full of all the pain in the world. Little Louis enjoyed all kinds of music, but he loved the music played by the brass bands most of all. Sometimes after a parade, Joe king Oliver, the best cornet player in New Orleans, would let Louis carry his cornet case. Little Louis wanted to make music too. He wanted to play a cornet just like King Oliver. In music, Armstrong discovered the path to success, after a New Years eve prank in 1913. He had taken his stepfathers .38 caliber pistol and six blanks and fired them into the air. Before he knew what was happening, a policeman had grabbed Little Louis by the arm. Off went Little Louis in the custody of the New Orleans police. The judge decided to send him to the Colored Waifs Home for boys to keep him out of trouble. The home gave poor boys a chance to finish school and learn a trade. A military man, Captain Joseph Jones and his wife ran it. He ran the home military style. Little Louis was heart broken and home sick. Then one day he heard a brass band playing. He followed the music and found himself in a room full of boys and instruments. He went to band rehearsal everyday and finally he was asked to join the band. The conductor of the band, Mr. Davis, first gave him a tambourine. Then Louis tried theShow MoreRelatedLouis Armstrong Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesLouis Armstrong Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on August 4, 1901 to Mayanne and William Armstrong. His father abandoned his family during Louis infancy. Louis spent the first years of his life with his grandmother, Josephine Armstrong. After age five, Louis moved back with his mother and his sister, Mama Lucy. The family was forced to live in stark poverty. Louis got into some trouble when he was just 12 years old and was placed in the Waifs Home for Boys. It wasRead MoreImportance of Louis Armstrong1568 Words   |  7 PagesLouis Armstrong Louis Armstrong was the greatest of all Jazz musicians. Armstrong defined what it was to play Jazz. His amazing technical abilities, the joy and spontaneity, and amazingly quick, inventive musical mind still dominate Jazz to this day. Only Charlie Parker comes close to having as much influence on the history of Jazz as Louis Armstrong did. Like almost all early Jazz musicians, Louis was from New Orleans. He was from a very poor family and was sent to reform school when he was twelveRead More Louis Armstrong Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pages Louis Armstrongs Influential Career Louis Armstrong’s Influential Career Louis Armstrong was the most successful and talented jazz musician in history. His influence and expansive career continues to make waves in the jazz world. That is what made him become what he is to many today – a legend. Born on August 4, 1901, in the poorest section of New Orleans, Armstrong grew up with his grandparents due to his parents’ separation. On January 1, 1913 he made a mistake which turned out to be theRead MoreLouis Armstrong Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesLouis Armstrong He was born in the south at a time when a black boy could expect nothing but to grow up, work hard at the lowest jobs all his life, and hope somehow, somewhere manage to stay healthy and get a little out of life.(P.1 Collier) Get a little out of life Louis did, a pure genius he revolutionized Americas first true form of art, jazz. Doing a paper on Louis Armstrong has been enjoyable to do and the information that is available on Armstrong is endless. So much that this paperRead MoreLouis Armstrong Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life and Music of Louis Armstrong Among the most popular and appreciated musicians of our time, Louis Satchmo Armostrong brought a musical presence, technical mastery, and imaginative genius that so overwhelmed musicians of his day that he became their principle model, leaving an indelible imprint on the music (Kernfield 27). When reviewing Armstrongs life work, his years with us can be divided into two aspects, his personal life and his music. While giving significant background ofRead MoreThe Legacy Of Louis Armstrong Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong, one of the most influential figures in jazz music, enjoyed a career that spans across 50 years, and through different eras of jazz. Nicknamed† Satchmo†, â€Å"Pops†, and† Ambassador Satch†, Armstrong could do it all, he sang, occasionally acted, composed music, but was most famous for his cornet and trumpet playing. Although Armstrong is well known for his amazing trumpet play, he also influenced the direction that jazz m usic during his time was headed. Over the course of this paper IRead MoreJazz, By Louis Armstrong2718 Words   |  11 PagesJazz midterm 1. Louis Armstrong is credited in the book titled Jazz as the â€Å"single most important figure in the development of jazz.† He is known as the only major figure in Western musical history to have a profound influence as a singer and an instrumentalist. His defining qualities as a performer were the emotion, beauty, and technical mastery he brought to each performance, and he knew how to please an audience. Performing jazz was a personal and powerful experience to him, and it was communicatedRead MoreLouis Armstrong : The Era Of Jazz1449 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Armstrong once said â€Å"If you ask what jazz is, you’ll never know.† Armstrong was conveying the message that jazz is whatever the performer makes of it, for there are no rules or restrictions on what the performer can do. Louis Armstrong was a famous jazz trumpeter from New Orleans who influenced the era of jazz tremendously throughout the years with his unique style, which included bringing in imp rovisation to pieces. The quote stated earlier can be applied to life, showing that in order toRead More Biography of Louis Armstrong Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesLouis Armstrong was born in one of the poorest sections in New Orleans, August 4, 1901. Louis a hard-working kid who helped his mother and sister by working every type of job there was, including going out on street corners at night to singing for coins. Slowly making money, Louis bought his first horn, a cornet. At age eleven Armstrong was sent to juvenile Jones Home for the colored waifs for firing a pistol on New Year’s Eve. While in jail Armstrong received his first formal music lesson from oneRead MoreThe Jazz Musici Louis Armstrong1078 Words   |  5 Pagesroadhouses, dance halls and places all over the country. It’s a very fast paced sound that was different than what people had heard of before. Louis Armstrong was a very well-known jazz musician during this time. He played the trumpet and was a ve ry good jazz musician. He was in many bands, played in Broadway and traveled playing jazz for people (Wenning). Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901, in New Orleans, Louisiana (Woog, 15). He grew up in a very poor area nicknamed, â€Å"The Battlefield.† Armstrong’s

Pile Traveled To A Pineapple Cultivation Cradle In The

Pile traveled to a pineapple cultivation cradle in the pineapple-growing region to the south of Ghana, specifically at Akwapim South District in Eastern Accra to test his idea’s viability (Whitfield, 2012). Pineapple growing was initiated in the early 1980s by the local smallholders of Pogrom Nsaba, that occupied the areas between Nsawam and Aburi district capitals. Most inhabitants engaged in pineapple farming in turn of the century. Smooth Cayenne, an orange-skinned pineapple that has light-yellow flesh and tangy sweet taste attributes, was grown either consuming it raw or processing. The upsurge in pineapple material for factories export demand acted as an incentive for large pineapple cultivators to intensify production. Akwapim Hills†¦show more content†¦Also, the site was convenient as it facilitated easy access to Accra’s International Airport. Although Blue Skies was happy about the Ghana business accomplishments, consumer tastes produced a detrimental effect to the company. MD2 was readily acceptable in Europe while Smooth Cayenne became no longer in demand. It was largely cultivated and sourced from Costa Rica farms, and many entrepreneurs preferred it to traditional varieties. Del Monte, a U.S. company, generated fresh produce that made its way to international markets (Whitfield, 2012). Evidently, ‘gold extra sweet’ variety became popular massively increasing Costa Rica’s fresh pineapple exports. Later, Pile thought of forming a more robust platform that Blue Skies’ operations would be anchored on amidst growing competition. Heavy reliance upon fable smallholder farmers for the pineapple supply plummeted the company’s resources. An expansion-ability opportunity was denied, farm’s profitability and sales plunged, as outputs greatly interfered with owing poor agricultural informat ion (Kleemann, 2011). Pile thought that for Blue Skies to register profitable margins, farmers had to be empowered on monitoring of their farms. For quality pineapple harvest to be realized, Blue Skies can educate the farmers on various efficient cultivation means. When farmers become agronomically supported, the output will meet European standards. Agrochemical use, regarding fertilizers

Dbq Analysis Free Essays

* ————————————————- Madison Markey * ————————————————- AP US History, P. 2 * ————————————————- 30 September 2012 * ————————————————- DBQ Homework #1 * ————————————————- * ————————————————- Question Analysis: The question is asking to explain how the French and Indian War affected the three main principles that were important during the time frame of 1740-1766. The writer could include both positive and negative sides of the war through each of the three categories. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now They could also list the causes and effects of the war. The question is also asking to highlight/paraphrase the provided documents as well as outside facts to support the well developed thesis. The question is telling the writer to describe the outcome of the relationship between Britain and it’s American colonies through the political, economic, and ideological relations. A potential problem could be forgetting to include the outcome of the war while strictly focusing on the issues and battles during the war. Another problem could be discluding the events preceding the war which is extremely vital, not only for support of thesis, but also to lay down an array of background information in the intro paragraph, in order to create the funnel affect. * ————————————————- * ————————————————- Intro: Before the French and Indian War, four other colonial wars were fought between French and British forces during the time period of 1689 and 1763. However, the French and Indian War, later known as the Seven Year’s War was the most pivotal because it ultimately destroyed the relationship between Britain and the American colonies. The main conflict aroused during the 1600’s and early 1700’s when the British began their pursuit of Salutary Neglect which provided each of Britain’s American colonies with an overabundance of freedom. Later, Britain tried to regulate the colonists lifestyle and trade routine with the Navigation Law yet, they never truly administered any of the correlating rules. The colonists enjoyed the lack of limitation midst the Salutary Neglect and when Britain began imposing laws and taxes, it infuriated them. From 1740-1766, amid the French Indian War, Britain’s greed for land, control, and restriction against the American colonies eventually caused major debt in England, harsh treatment toward their own British soldiers, and a negative aftermath of political, economic, and ideological crisis involving the American colonists * ————————————————- * ————————————————- Essay #1: The first sample essay completely deserves their score. The introduction paragraph supplies a nice background and setting. The thesis is very strong and clear. It provides a specific example of each of the three categories from the prompt. There is nothing that I would not include in this essay because everything is relevant to the topic. For the intro, they organized it by utilizing the funnel method. In the first sentence of each body paragraph, she refers back to a piece of her thesis. The anonymous states the opinion of both sides: Britain and the American colonies. She provides each of their perspectives while including her own opinion. She includes the documents by lightly referencing them and not incorporating too much of the source or not enough. While effectively utilizing the documents, anonymous fully supports the detail with her own information. Other information involving the church and state relationship could have been included because as the war progressed, the Great Awakening occurred and because of political and religious leaders, the separation of church and state was desired in many of the colonies. The anonymous restated the reference that they already used and they made the simple mistake of writing document C when it was actually a different document. Besides that, there is not much more I would have included because the essay was close to perfect and the anon completely nailed the prompt right down to a nice conclusion. Hence, the writer deserves the score of a 9. * ————————————————- * ————————————————- Essay#2: In the opening sentence, anonymous wrote that there were exactly three wars fought between the British and their rival French forces yet, there were actually a total of four wars fought. The introduction paragraph does not provide a well-developed thesis. It is very vague and unclear however, it does address the prompt. The parenthesis that they use within the first body paragraph do not fit well and they appear awkward but they do not interfere with comprehension of the essay. They provide a decent setting but not enough detail about specific events that precede the war in order to spark the war. Next, anonymous squeezes three different documents into one small paragraph with about five sentences. They should have spaced out the sources and actually explained the documents to show their understanding of the point of view and the significance. They did attempt to organize it by specifically talking about the economic aspect and how it affected the political and ideological aspects together. They begin a sentence by using a reference which I would not have included because it sounded like the paragraph was being written around the document. I would have started with a topic sentence to build up to the reference. They include a lot of minor and superficial events which are irrelevant therefore, unnecessary to include. However they do attempt to mention that of the three categories, ideological relations were the least important which is a nice way to include the category. Overall, I believe the essay deserves a little under a seven. * ————————————————- * ————————————————- Essay#3 The intro in the third essay does not include much background preceding the thesis. It strictly states that â€Å"the war had great effects† on each of the three categories it does not say whether they were positive or negative effects. The thesis is limited and poorly written and only restates the question without any other specific facts or examples. I would not have included so many [sic] symbols in my prompt because they interrupt the flow of the essay. The essay resembles a standard english essay because it is organized with an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph is about one of the three categories from the thesis. In the political paragraph anonymous states very broad information and fails to cite the information about Braddock or any information at all. She contains little understanding of the documents and merely tells what events happened in each of the paragraphs but does not describe them with appropriate outside information. She also fails to include a time frame and dates for the events. In the economy paragraph she talked about unity yet failed to mention the severe debt that britain faced which was a huge economic crisis. Anonymous should have thought of the questions such as why and how while she was writing. They could have arranged their essay a little differently instead of organizing it so that with each new category comes a different time period they should have just put the events in chronological order and wrote about how it affected each of the three categories during and after the was. Anonymous also had a few conventional errors such as commas. They also use first person point of view in the third to last sentence of the third paragraph. The third paragraph is confusing and presents a lack of understanding of history because it just lists vague facts. It does not include a lead-in or transition to the conclusion. The anonymous nearly ignored the documents and failed to include 50/50 ratio. The conclusion simply restates the thesis and ends with an unspecific sentence of how the war caused change but they never argued whether it was for the worse or the better. Nor did they summarize their essay or show the reader they know that there is additional significance. In my opinion, the errors in the third essay seriously detract from the quality of the prompt ergo, the essay does deserves less than a five. ————————————————- * ————————————————- By reading the essays, I learned that mistakes are easily made when writing in a constricted time period so it is important to utilize the given time wisely. I found that some of the documents are probably tough to use but it is important to have a 50%-50% ratio of information because that is what truly proves your knowledge of history and sometimes the documents will help you recall information. Also, one should always cite the document because it looks and sounds horrible if otherwise. I learned that all information must go toward improving the case or it should not be included. Lastly, I found that developing a thesis is not that hard especially if you take a moment to analyze the question but it could ruin your entire essay if you get on the wrong track and it is extremely vital in determining the score that you end up with. I now understand that by following the strategies in the book and practicing more often, writing a DBQ will begin to come natural. * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ————————————————- How to cite Dbq Analysis, Essay examples

Occupational Health as well as Safety

Questions: 1. Can OHS help every sector of the industry or is it restricted? 2. How is OHS dependent on the government? Answers: Mission one Hello, I would like to see myself at one of the top posts in a mid range company offering and securing occupational health as well as safety. It has been my dream, since the day I became a part of the college that I desired to be an OHS consultant and expert. The place where I would be tempted to work is anywhere within Australia as Australian law keeps a sharp check over mishaps and hazardous conditions at working place for different workers in various sectors. I would be interested in understanding the different problems faced by employees at various work places and how these work places can be improved in an appropriate manner. I would be pleased to help these employees and help them get justice against all inequalities and injustice. As already told, Australia is one of the prime locations for OHS and hence, I would like to work here in Australia only. The job of a Road traffic accident investigator gives a good pay and it is an interesting course to pursue as it suits my working style as well as my understanding level is par with the kind of duties required to accomplish in this profession of road traffic accident investigator. Key words Safe and healthy working space Union Charter of Workplace Rights Protection of health, welfare and safety. Duty of Care Personal Protective Equipment Safe Work Method Code of Practice Stress Risk Management Occupational overuse Syndrome

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research Essay Example

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research Essay Focus groups are a prominent method of enquiry, regularly used within the field of social science and in particular, qualitative research. The focus group practice involves a number of participants having an open discussion on a specific topic, set by a researcher. The researcher acts as a moderator to aid discussion by using probes to collect desirable data. This process is recorded and transcripts are used to interpret and analyse given information. Carson et al (2001, p. 114) refers to focus groups as â€Å"A research technique that collects data through group interaction on a topic or topics†. They also suggest that the central distinctive characteristic of focus groups is group interaction, which generates a mass of data, which would be inaccessible without using focus groups. Focus groups are used in many industries to collect ideas and understanding. Carson et al (pg 8) suggest that groups as a social research tool have been used for some time but the term ‘focus group’ was established in the classic study, The Focused Interview by Merton et al (1956). Merton’s study influenced the creation of the procedures that are now accepted as common practice in focus groups. Although this particular method possesses a substantial number of strengths, focus groups also occupy a number of weaknesses that disadvantage the researcher and limit findings which can be discussed in relevance to theories. Firstly, Dawn Snape and Liz Spencer (2003, p. 3) propose that it is important to define the practice of qualitative data before discussing the implications of it. They also suggest that qualitative research is difficult to define and can never entirely be classified. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They infer that there is a wide consensus that qualitative research is a naturalistic and interpretive approach, with an emphasis on the understanding of the meanings which people attach to phenomena. This point is supported by Alan Bryman, he comments: â€Å"The way in which people being studied understand and interpret their social reality is one of the central motifs of qualitative research. † (Bryman, 1998, P. 8) Snape and Spencer refer to qualitative research as a complex, subjective and observational approach which takes focus on participant’s frames of reference. There are no rules or single accepted way of exerting qualitative research, the methods are dependent on; ontology, the beliefs regarding the social world and epistemology, the beliefs regarding the nature of knowledge. In addition, qualitative research draws on philosophical, psychological and sociological ideas in order to search for in-depth data to aid the explanation of social phenomena. The key argument of qualitative research is that human behaviour is not simply driven by external forces; humans actively contribute to the construction of their own social world. The central purpose of qualitative research is to explore meanings by interpreting data, rather than searching for specific answers by quantifying empirical data. A major critique of qualitative research is the fact that everyone is different and holds and creates their own schemas, so therefore there can be no definitive answer or explanation. The history of qualitative research is also important to acknowledge, in order to place focus groups into context. Traditionally, social science research imitated natural science methods in an attempt to create universally accepted laws. Social science suppresses many philosophical underpinnings, which influenced this consensus. There were three key people implicated in these underpinnings, each pursuing the idea of the previous. The first key philosopher was Rene Descartes (1596-1650), an empirical researcher. In his book, Discourse on Method (1637), Descartes suggested that the search for the truth could be completed by using methods of objectivity, in order to accumulate observable evidence. Following Descartes was another key philosopher, David Hume (1711-1776), also an empirical researcher. Hume also believed that objectivity, as well as unbiased and direct observation, could produce substantial empirical evidence. Lastly, Auguste Comte (1798-1857), a sociologist and empirical researcher, proposed that the invariant laws apparent in natural science were also present in matters of social science. Comte implied that research methods used in natural science were also appropriate to the study of social science and phenomena. Comte influenced 20th Century research paradigms, which resulted in a school of thought called positivism. Positivism states that only observable phenomena count as knowledge. Positivism also promotes scientific research methods and empirical testing of hypotheses. Positivism encouraged the formalising of quantitative research methods, collecting numerical data. However, other philosophical perspectives challenged positivism. Immanuel Kant, (1724-1804), a philosopher, suggested that there were other ways to understand the world. He believed knowledge could be acquired through interpretations and experiences. Other perspectives, such as that of Kant, consequently led to the employment of another school of thought called interpretivism. Interpretivism promotes subjective understanding of meaningful experiences. Interpretivism encouraged the formalising of Qualitative research methods to overcome the limitations that quantitative research possessed. The use of focus groups as a qualitative and interpretive method of enquiry comprises of a number of strengths and weaknesses. One of the most prominent strength of focus groups is the ability to collect both new and rich information. Carson et al (p. 114) suggest that the new results that focus groups produce could not be possible with other methods of enquiry as they do not allow the same sense of exploration. They argue that focus groups are an exploratory and developmental method of enquiry, not limited to just listening to what people have to say but by using interpretation skills, generates insights into the sources of certain behaviours and perceptions. Furthermore, Carson et al (p. 115) argue that focus groups can contribute information that may help to; obtain pre-conceived ideas and stimulate new ideas on, help to diagnose former or potential problems, generate further research ideas and establish how participants discuss and construct their own schema of phenomena. Additionally, they believe that meaningful construct is interpreted from the highlighting, exchanging and revising of opinions, perceptions and differences. Another strength of focus groups is the depth of understanding of the generated information. Carson et al (p. 115-116) imply that depth of understanding enabled by focus group allows a deeper appreciation of the phenomenon. They also outline the fact that focus groups bring together and allow the analysis of diverse opinions rather than a single one, which would generate from other methods of enquiry. The discussion of these opinions, which allow participants to share their own ideas and listen to others, creates a type of forum. This allows the researcher to note the response of one participant to another. As a result, the researcher is at an advantage as they have no need to speculate about differences in participants and data as this is evident within the focus group transcript. Ritchie and Lewis (2003, p. 87) agree with this theory as they imply that allowing the participants of a focus group to refer to their own personal experiences influences them to build upon what other participants have said and refine their own view, this creates a more in depth discussion and findings. However, Silverman (2001, p. 221) argues that researchers should not rely on experience to count as knowledge: â€Å"The assumption that ‘experience’ is paramount is not at all new†¦to focus on ‘experience’ alone undermines what we know about the cultural and linguistic fo rms which structure what we count as ‘experience’. Furthermore, another prominent strength of focus groups as a research tool is flexibility and group interaction. Flexibility and group interaction is the most fundamental and unique aspect of focus groups. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 175) suggest that group interaction is a major strength of focus groups as it allows an open and energetic discussion built on motivation and enjoyment. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 188) also propose that these conditions allow a more truthful debate, which are more in depth and passionate. Ritchie and Lewis explain that group interaction enables participants to work together, quickly developing a ‘synergy’ which allows greater depth of insight into even the most challenging of subjects. This confidence allows the participants to dominate the focus group procedure thus allowing them to determine their own narrative, helping to expose the culture and values of each individual. Ritchie and Lewis describe this strength as â€Å"the most productive phase of the group process. †(Ritchie and Lewis J, 2003, p. 176) Carson et al (p. 16) agree with Ritchie and Lewis by suggesting that â€Å"interaction is a unique strength of focus groups and should improve the quality of the ideas and opinions generated†. They propose that the participants act upon their own comparisons and ideas rather than relying on the moderator as a medium of discussion or speculation. Carson et al further their explanation by emphasizing that the vital strength of focus groups, as a qualitative and interpretive research tool, is its capacity to expose intricate behaviours and motivations. Carson et al infer that this strength is a simultaneous reaction to group interaction. Furthermore, the role of the researcher within this interaction is also advantaged. Ritchie and Lewis highlight the fact that the role of the researcher in the group is more active and physical than in interviews. Denzin and Lincoln (1994, unknown source) agree by stating: â€Å"Qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. † This quote infers that they believe that focus groups allow the researcher to situate themselves and get involved. This is a significant strength of focus groups as it allows the researcher to actively listen then act upon given information by using appropriate probes to gain further or richer information. However, this theory is over shadowed by a weakness of focus groups, the lack of control and high level of unpredictability. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 116) state that sometimes it is difficult for the researcher to dominate a focus group. Participants can easily move from the focal topic of discussion to a topic that they would prefer to talk about; this may have no relevance to the phenomena being researched. Never the less, group interaction, according to Ritchie and Lewis ( p. 175), allows prominent socially accepted views, behaviours and norms to be revealed to the researcher. Ritchie and Lewis refer to this feature as a potentially valuable aspect of data as it allows the researcher to assess the context and vulnerability of the participant’s ideas. However, it is important to note that this data must be monitored and compared to transcripts later on, as the participants generally become more comfortable with expressing less confirming views. This is evident in a prominent weakness of focus groups called demand characteristics. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 185) suggest that participants may realise the intentions of the researcher and as a result give them information that they think they want, instead of their true opinions. This can cause false interpretations and therefore invalid information. Furthermore, Ritchie and Lewis discuss real or imaginary pressure, which can also cause problems; â€Å"a common criticism of focus groups is that the group exerts a pressure on its participants. † (Ritchie. R and Lewis, J, 2003, p. 88). Participants may feel the need to give politically acceptable answers, feel under pressure to conform to other participants or adjust their views to fulfil social norms; this can cause inconsistency in the findings. None the less, another suggestion of why group interaction is a primary strength of focus groups is it allows the advantage of group diversity. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 188) consider tha t group discussion can reveal differences and diversities between participants which awards the researcher with a key opportunity to explore group diversity. Ritchie and Lewis believe that delving into diversity and dimensions of difference can both explain and explore causes, effects and consequences. Additionally, they suggest that by using heterogeneous rather than homogeneous participants, the resulted discussion can provide different perspective and views, which should need no persuasion by the moderator to be aired. However, too much diversity can result in weak data. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 190-191) also discuss that too much diversity can actually inhibit discussion. For example, major diversities in socio-demographic makeup, such as social status, of a group of participants can influence how open the group are. Participants may feel uncomfortable, threatened by others or anxious about the response they may receive. This weakness may make it difficult for the researcher to cover key topics in depth. Ritchie and Lewis emphasise the need for a balance in diversity of the participants Another strength of focus groups is the advantage of a good sample. By using certain participants within a focus group a researcher can gain strong results. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 192) suggest that using participants, who know each other or hold some type of relationship, can trigger pre existing memories which are extremely valuable for exploring and interpreting shared meanings. Furthermore, this set up can create a feeling of a safer atmosphere for participants to air their views or opinions. In comparison, using a sample of strangers can also be comforting for the individuals as they feel they may never see the other participants again therefore feel no need to hold back. However, a weakness in sampling is also present. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 192) note that a substantial problem with using a preconceived group of participants is group norms may dominate, limiting the openness of discussion. Furthermore, they state that any shared meanings may not be expanded on enough, as they may be taken for granted. This may result in the meanings having no value at all. Additionally, strangers may hold back discussion too much and fail to develop a ‘synergy’. The last strength of focus groups as a qualitative and interpretive method of enquiry is the advantage of saving time and money. Carson et al (p. 116) explain that the same number of participants used in other methods of research, such as interviews, can contribute information in the same or less time within a focus group as the latter are conducted in a group setting, rather than in repetitive and tedious, individual settings. Additionally, analysing and transcripts of information only need to be completed once. Consequently, this also saves the researcher money too. All fees are only payable once, such as room hire, or recording equipment. However, Morgan and Krueger (1993) criticise this account by stating that recruiting willing participants for focus groups can be both time consuming and costly unless participants are easily accessible. Many people are reluctant to take part without an incentive, refreshments and even paid travel, which can also be costly. In conclusion, focus groups as a qualitative and interpretive method of enquiry possess a substantial number of strengths and weaknesses. The main advantages are the collection of new information, the depth of understanding, group interaction, strong samples and savings in time and money. However, these strengths are also over shadowed by a number of weaknesses which could interrupt the consistency of data. However, as Carson et al (p. 117) suggest, the mass of advantages of focus groups easily outweigh the disadvantages. This may be because it is evident that focus groups as a method of enquiry, achieve more insight and depth of understanding than would individually be generated. Furthermore focus groups hold a unique strength, group interaction, not found in any other method. Finally, when evaluating the quality of results from a focus group, it is important to remember, as Ritchie and Lewis (p. 196) explain, that the most stimulating and successful focus groups come with experience.